2025年5月

同性戀調查與臺灣同性戀者的薪資與社經背景
Survey on Homosexuality and the Earnings and Socioeconomic Status of Homosexuals in Taiwan

研究論文 Article

陶宏麟, 楊安棋
Hung-Lin Tao, An-Chi Yang

1-39

本文回顧與綜整西方文獻所討論的同性戀調查困難，以及男女同性戀薪資與男女異性戀的差異，早期西方男同性戀薪資低於男異性戀，而女同性戀薪資高於女異性戀，這與歧視及家庭分工有關，不過近年來同性戀與異性戀的薪資差異已在收斂，甚至男同性戀薪資有高於男異性戀的現象。接著驗證在調查困難下，2020年「家庭動態資料庫」（PSFD）的臺灣同性戀調查數據應該有其參考價值，PSFD2020顯示臺灣男女同性戀的比例分別為3.8%與6.1%，相較於其他國家並未較低，女同性戀比例較高也與其他國家一致，這與女性性傾向流動性較高有關。同性戀者較年輕，教育程度也較高，並未感受較高的被排擠感與較低的快樂。迴歸分析顯示在控制其他變數後，臺灣男同性戀的薪資高於男異性戀，女同性戀的薪資與女異性戀無差異，前者並無法以工作型態（自雇、公務人員、企業規模）解釋，可能原因是男同性戀受到的歧視一般高於女同性戀，在社會並非完全認同同性戀下，勇於有男同性戀行為者，需要具備一定的能力。

This study reviews and synthesizes Western literature on the challenges of surveying homosexual populations and the earnings differences between homosexual and heterosexual men and women. Earlier evidence showed that gay men earned less than heterosexual men, while lesbians earned more than heterosexual women—a pattern linked to discrimination and the gendered division of labor. In recent years, however, these earnings gaps have narrowed, and in some cases gay men have been found to out-earn heterosexual men. Using the 2020 Panel Study of Family Dynamics (PSFD), this study further examines the situation in Taiwan. Despite survey difficulties, the PSFD data are reliable. The proportions of gay men and lesbians in Taiwan are 3.8% and 6.1%, respectively, figures comparable to those in other countries. The higher share of lesbians is also consistent with international findings and reflects the greater fluidity of female sexual orientation. Homosexual individuals in Taiwan are younger, more highly educated, and do not report higher social exclusion or lower happiness.Regression analyses show that, after controlling for other variables, gay men in Taiwan earn more than heterosexual men, while lesbians and heterosexual women do not differ significantly. This wage premium cannot be explained by job characteristics (e.g., self-employment, public-sector work, or firm size) and may reflect the higher capabilities required of gay men to succeed in a society where homosexuality is not yet fully accepted.

同性戀, 異性戀, 同性戀調查, 薪資, 家庭動態資料庫
homosexuals, heterosexuals, homosexual survey, arnings, PSFD

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