1992年11月

彰化媽祖信仰圈內的曲館與武館之社會史意義
The Social-Historical Approach to the Study of Local Musical Groups and Martial Arts Groups within the Religious Sphere of Chang-hua Matsu

研究論文 Research Article

林美容
Mei-rong Lin

57-86

本文以彰化媽祖信仰圏內現存和已經解散的曲館和武館之調査資料爲基礎，概述曲館和武館之發展與現況，分析其師承與派別丶組織與活動，並探討其與村庄丶村廟和村民的關係。最後，以社會史的視野，強調在探討村庄史、村際關係史和族羣關係史，曲館和武館所展現的意義。以彰化南瑤宮主神媽祖爲中心，區域性的信徒所形成的信仰圈內，大約有194個曲館，210個武館。曲館與武館是村庄男性成員利用業餘閒暇學習傳統曲藝和武術，所形成的志願性的子弟組織。這些曲館與武館和村庄丶街市組織有密切關係，往昔公有性非常明顯，常由地方頭人或宗族召集丶資助，村民共同出資維持者，也不乏其例。曲館和武館的活動主要是在迎神賽會時出陣、排場丶扮仙丶舞獅。由各館的師承與派別及對外的活動，可看出村際關係的模式，而彰化媽祖信仰圏內以北管及獅陣較盛，亦展現出區域內漳州籍住民爲主的族羣特色。

This study is based on the fieldwork data of local musical groups (chiu-kuan) and martial arts groups (wu-kuan) dispersed in the religious sphere formulated on the belief of Chang-hua Matsu. First, the number of such groups in different historical stages are presented and the rea­sons why they were established and disappeared are discussed. Then, the teaching inheritance and the faction between different chiu-kuans and different wu-kuans are analyzed as well as the organizational mech­anisms and activities closely related to the folk religion. The relationship of these groups to the villages, village temples, and villagers are empha­sized. Finally, this article provides the social-historical viewpoint to the understanding of such village organizations by examining them in the context of village histories, inter-village networks, and ethnic relations. There are 194 chiu-kuans and 210 wu-kuans including those which exist nowadays and which have disappeared and have stopped any activ­ity. Chiu-kuans and wu-kuans are the voluntary associations of village male members.  They spend their leisure in learning traditional musical instruments, singing, and opera or traditional martial arts, including lion dancing. The chiu-kuans and wu-kuans are the part of village organization in the rural area or neighborhood organization in the urban area.  In the past, they were organized and supported by the local leaders or lin­eage organizations. Many are partially or fully supported by villagers' donations. The major activities of chiu-kuans and wu-kuans are to per­form ritual opera or lion dancing in front of temples or in the festival procession. Each chiu-kuan or wu-kuan has its teaching inheritance and belongs to a specific faction. The alliance within the same faction and the rival relation between different factions together with the inter-village activities of these groups reveal the pattern of inter-village relationships. Within the religious sphere of Chang-hua Matsu, many more chiu-kuans perform Pei-kuan music instead of Nan-kuan music and almost all wu­-kuans perform lion dancing instead of Sung-chiang-chen. This indicates that the characteristics of the Chang-chou ethnic group dominated in the region.

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