2014年9月

五Ｏ年代臺灣自由觀念的系譜：張佛泉、《自由中國》與新儒家
A Genealogy of the Idea of Liberty in Taiwan: Fo-chuan Chang, Free China, and Neo-Confucianism

研究論文 Research Article

蕭高彥
Carl K. Y. Shaw

387-425

本文運用系譜學以及脈絡主義的分析取向，以《自由與人權》成書過程為主軸，闡釋五Ｏ年代臺灣自由主義者以及新儒家對於自由的不同觀念。張佛泉的原始計畫乃是「諸權利即諸自由」的經驗主義式論述。這個觀點引起了徐復觀的批判，導致張佛泉修正其計畫，區分自由的兩個意義系統：人權保障與內心自由，並且運用觀念論來闡釋內心自由。本文同時分析殷海光對於張氏的修正有所保留，並檢視同時期牟宗三的「民主開出論」。通過系譜學的爬梳，本文呈現五Ｏ年代臺灣自由觀念的多樣面貌，去除「自由主義者主張消極自由、新儒家主張積極自由」的定見。

This article examines the formation and receptions of Fo-chuan Chang’s classic Liberties and Human Rights from the historiographical perspective. Deploying the methodologies of genealogy and contextualism, I reconstruct the different ideas of liberty in the political discourses in Taiwan in the 1950s. Contrary to the dominant interpretation, which is inspired by Isaiah Berlin’s distinction between negative and positive freedom, this article demonstrates that the early liberals in Taiwan construct an idea of negative freedom based on moral autonomy. The influence of British Idealism is also examined. Moreover, new light is shed on the well-known debates between liberals and the neo-Confucians at the time.

張佛泉, 自由, 消極自由, 積極自由, 新儒家, 英國觀念論
Fo-chuan Chang, liberty, negative freedom, positive freedom, neo-Confucianism, British idealism

政治學
Political Science

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