2011年12月

【研究論文】鼓勵、限制或防範？新加坡移民政策制定之模型建構
【Research Papers】Encouraging, Restricting, or Preventing: The Alternative Models of Immigration Policy Making in Singapore

鄭安玲, 宋鎮照
An-Lin Jent and Jenn-Jaw Soong,

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國立成功大學政治經濟研究所博士候選人、國立成功大學政治經濟研究所教授
全球化趨勢不僅加速全球人口流移，也是一種動態的政經社會之變動過程，尤其是經濟系統間的關聯與流動速度升高，對國家來說是一種挑戰，也是一種機會。儘管東亞經濟奇蹟導致對勞動移民的強烈需求，但迄今多數東亞國家仍對國際移民採取較為嚴格的管制措施。然而，當面對國外政經形勢與國內社經需求，仍無法有效抵擋國際移民此股潮流。高居亞洲經濟四小龍國民所得最高的新加坡，由於國土面積狹小，發展受到相當限制。近年來新加坡經濟穩定成長，卻仍每年開放為數可觀的境外移民謀求居住與工作。究竟促使新加坡政府採取積極開放移民政策的主要關鍵因素為何？本文嘗試從國家機關（the state）功能需求觀點解析，從人口結構、經濟需求、國家機關效能與公民社會等四個主要面向觀察人口集體流動的條件，分別篩選出人口成長率、勞動力需求、國家機關自主性程度與公民權等四個主要影響變項來解析跨國性的人口移動現象，藉以探討此四變項對國家機關制定移民政策行為可能產生的互動與影響？進而建立一種動態可供解釋與預測的研究模型。其結果將影響國家機關制定採取開放或限制或禁止的移民政策選擇。

關鍵詞：全球化、國際移民、移民政策、國家功能需求、人口成長
Ph.D. Candidate, Graduate Institute of Political Economy, National Cheng Kung University & Professor, Graduate Institute of Political Economy, National Cheng Kung University
Globalization has not only accelerated international population migration, but also has been a challenge to some countries. The miracle of East Asia has led to great demand for immigrant labor, but most states of East Asia have adopted strict control measures on international labor migration. However, due to international needs and domestic conditions, these states can’t avoid the trend of immigration inflows. Singapore is one of the Asian four little dragons, with development limited due to the small land area. In recent years, even with stable growth of its economy, Singapore has still welcomed more migrants to live and work in the country. This article will focus on the functional imperatives of the state in the aspects of migration, and we will observe the crucial factors involved in migratory inflows, from demographic structure, economic need, and the efficiency of the nation, to civil society. Furthermore, it will focus on the variables of growth of the population, the need for laborers, autonomy of the state, and civil rights, to develop a dynamic model which can help explain and predict the outcome in shaping a state’s immigration policy in terms of encouragement, restriction, or prevention.

Key words: Globalization, International Immigration, Migration Policy, Functional Imperatives of the State, Population Growth

【This paper is written in Chinese. Read the Chinese Abstract.】