2004 / September

制度變遷：動態機制的觀點以台灣中央銀行制度的變遷，1949-61為例
Dynamic Mechanism of Institutional Change: A Case Study in Transitions of the Central Bank System in Taiwan, 1949-61

研究論文 Research Article

林文斌
Wen-pin Lin

389-433

理性選擇制度主義丶歷史制度主義和社會學制度主義等三種新制度主義近來在政冶、社會和經濟學上成為顯學。雖然硏究重點與分析途徑各有不同，對制度的定義也有廣狹之分，但多數的研究都將焦點置於制度如何影響行為者（組織或個人）的行為丶其對整體（國家或社會）的政治、經濟及社會旳影響，而少關心制度的變遷。因爲制度變遷代表的是行為者影響制度，與前者的因果關係恰恰相反。我們在評論三種新制度主義關於制度變遷的論點後，提出「動態機制」論作為制度穩定和變遷的中介，並精緻化新制度主義對制度變遷的分析力。最後以1949年到1961年間台灣中央銀行制度的變遷個案研究為例，加以說明。

New institutionalism is becoming the mainstream in comparative politics. In fact, there are three theoretical views in the mainstream: rational choice institutionalism, historical institutionalism and sociologi­cal institutionalism. These three schools all claim institutions structure the actors, but how do the institutions form and change? They cannot resolve the causal dilemma of whether the institutions change the actors' behaviors, or actors make the institutions change. Some scholars claim we must use two different analytical models in the different situations. But we argue this is not an appropriate answer. We develop the "dynam­ic mechanism" model as an interface between the two situations, and explain the institutional change. We use the model to analyze the transi­tions of the central bank system in Taiwan to make our argument clearer.

新制度主義, 制度形成, 制度變遷, 台灣, 中央銀行
new institutionalism, institutional change, dynamic mechanism, Taiwan, central bank

政治學, 經濟學
Political Science, Economics

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