1988年11月

社區問題再探：美國都市居民、近郊居民及鄉村居民之社會網絡
The Community Question Revisited: The Social Networks of American Urbanites, Suburbanites, and Ruralites

研究論文 Research Article

蔡勇美, 賴澤涵
Yung-Mei Tsai, Jeh-Hang Lai

409-427

本文是以國家意見硏究中心( NORC ) 所做之「社會普査」1985年社會網路資料爲據，對Wellman所提出之「社區問題」做進一步的檢驗與探討。「社區問題」曾由 Wellman本人率先以 East York 的網絡資料檢測之。其後，蔡勇美與 Sigelman 二人也以 NORC所做「社會普査」中的「社交性項目」作檢驗。筆者認爲新獲之有關 National  Representation Sample網絡資料，當能更完備的檢測由「社區問題」所演出的假設，故撰寫此文。分析結果顯示：本研究與前述兩項研究有一般的共同結論，當然也發現了一些差異點。但是，儘管此一硏究有前者所未得之發現，然三者間之優劣問題，則未有決定性之定論。爲往後之努力計，本文對「社會普査」中網絡資料之性質與一般性的社區問題，也提出了一些批評與建議。

Using the 1985 social network data collected in the General Social Survey conducted by the NORC, this paper reexamines the issue of 'the community question' formulated and first tested by Wellman ( 1979 ) with his East York network data and later by Tsai and Sigelman ( 1982 ) with sociability items from the General Social Survey data also by the NORC. The main reason for doing this is because this newly obtained network data on national representative sample is more appropriate and complete in testing the hypotheses derived from the issue of 'the community question' than those previous studies the results of our analysis show some general similar results to those found in the previous studies using regional or non-network data though some differences were also found. In general, no conclusive or consistent support for the three different competing interpreta­tions is found, although some rather interesting results that were not revealed in those previous studies were found. Some critiques and suggestions concerning the nature of the network data in the General Social Survey and the community question in general were made and raised for future efforts.

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