1990年11月

1980與1986年台灣所得分配的因素分解分析
A Decompositional Analysis of Taiwan's Income Distribution in 1980 and 1986

研究論文 Research Article

朱雲鵬
Yun-pen Chu

145-167

本文將家庭所得組成單元線型化，而後利用 Shorrocks (1982) 所提示的因素分解原則，將 1980 與 1986 年臺灣家庭每等成年男人的所得不平均度，分解爲下列各因素的貢獻加總：就業人數、家庭財產所得、家庭移轉及其他所得、男女所得收入者的性別比率與其敎育、年齡、從業身分、行業及職業特性。結果顯示，無論在 1980 或 86 年，就業人數與財產所得分配之不均，均爲所得分配不均的重要因素；而且，貢獻比率本身絕對數大，變化幅度也大，很可能對 1980 到 86 年所得分配變化有重要影響的，是男與女所得收入者迴歸殘差項效果，也就是所得收入者的敎育、年齡、從業身分、行業及職業特性均相同時，其收入間仍然存在的差異。

This study first linearizes the factor components of household income, then applies the method discussed in Shorrocks (1982) to decompose the total inequality into the following components: employment, household property income, household transfer and other incomes, sex composition of income earners, and these earners' education, age, employment status, industry of employment, and occupation. It is found that in both 1980 and 1986, the unequal distribution of employment levels and of household property incomes are important contributing factors to total inequality. It is also found that, important in both years, but with the levels of importance changing a great deal between 1980 and 1986, and therefore the likely factors that caused the rise in total inequality between these two years, are the regression residual effects of the male and female income earners. Namely the residual differences in the incomes of these earners that are not explained by their education, age, employment status, industry of employment or occupation.

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