1993 / December

族群通婚的後果：省籍通婚對於族群同化的影響
The Consequences of Ethnic Intermarriages: The Impacts of Intermarriages on Ethnic Assimilation in Taiwan

研究論文 Research Article

王甫昌
Fu-chang Wang

231-267

本文的主要目的在於探討1950年左右近百萬的外省移民進入臺灣後，因爲性比例的不均衡所推動的第一代省籍通婚，對於省籍族羣同化的影響。除了本人是否通婚對於第一代自身的影響外，本文也討論了父母是否通婚對於外省第二代的影響。至於影響的層面，則包括語言、自我認定、及對於和省籍族羣有關的議題等族羣同化的面向。本文整理了西方文獻中，對於族羣通婚與族羣同化的兩種主要的說法一一「同化論」及「多元論」，作爲分析的理論架構。本文以1991年「臺灣地區社會意向調查」及1992年「臺灣地區社會變遷基本調查」的資料進行分析的結果，發現： ( 1 ) 第一代的省籍通婚僅對通婚的本省女性造成單方向的影響 ;  ( 2 ) 父母是否通婚對於第二代外省人在族羣同化上並無顯著影響  ;  (3)族羣的政治競爭干擾或抵銷了族羣通婚對於外省人族羣同化的影響。根據這些發現，本文檢討了同化論及多元論在解釋臺灣第一代省籍族羣通婚的後果上的不足之處。本文指出，省籍族羣在語言、認同、及族羣議題上的同化，事實上是受到整個大社會中，團體層次的族羣關係之影響。因此，我們很難期望族羣通婚所導致的個人或家族層次的族羣接觸，能産生同化論所描素的族羣同化之後果。

Ethnic intermarriages between the Taiwanese and the Mainlanders in Taiwan before 1971 has been characterized by the predominant pat­tern of "Mainlander male marrying Taiwanese female," as a result of extremely high sex ratio (three men to one women) among the a million mainland immigrants who entered Taiwan around 1950. Consequently, over a half of the second generation mainlanders have Taiwanese moth­ers. This paper aims to explore the impacts of such ethnic intermarriages on ethnic assimilation in Taiwan. Besides the effects of intermarriage on the couples, it also deals with the effects on the children of those in­termarriages. The effects examined include: assimilation in languages, ethnic self-identity, and attitudes in regards to ethnically-related is­sues. This paper draws on the "assimilation model" and the "pluralist model" to explain the impacts of ethnic intermarriages on assimilation. Although they both agree that intermarriages bring about cultural assimilation, the two models diverge in their predictions of maintaining ethnic identity under cultural assimilation. By analyzing the 1991 "Social Image Survey" and the 1992 "Social Change Survey" data sets, it is found that: 1) the first generation intermarriages only have one-sided effects on the Taiwanese women, but not their mainlander husbands; 2) parents' intermarriages do not seem to have significant influence on the second generation mainlanders; and 3) the slight effects of intermarriages on the Mainlanders are counteracted by the rising ethnic political com­petition, especially after 1991. Based on theses findings, the author dis­cusses the inadequacies of both assimilation model and pluralist model. This paper argues that the examined dimensions of ethnic assimilation is more a result of macro-level ethnic relations than the micro-level ethnic contacts. We therefore can hardly expect the micro-level ethnic contacts in the family would have significant impacts on ethnic assimilation, as the assimilation model would lead us to believe. The pluralist model fails to provide an explanation for the one-sided effect of intermarriages on Taiwanese because it does not take the imbalance power relations between the two ethnic groups into account.

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