發刊日期/Published Date |
1995年9月
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中英文篇名/Title | 自由與意志弱性 Freedom and Akrasia |
論文屬性/Type | 研究論文 Research Article |
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頁碼/Pagination | 277-311 |
摘要/Abstract | 本文討論自由的意志弱性行爲。所謂意志弱性行爲是指行爲者的行動違反了行爲者本身的價值(最佳)判斷。我認爲很多的意志弱性行爲同時也是自由的行爲。很明顯地我們有時會自由地選擇違反我們的最佳判斷而行—雖然判斷某一行爲選項就整體而言是較好的,我們仍依自己的自由意志採取另一行爲。然而,有一廣泛流傳的懷疑論卻認爲,人只有在非自由的情況下才會作出違反最佳判斷的行爲;也就是說,根本不可能有所謂的自由的意志弱性行爲。此懷疑論的主要代表人物是柏拉圖及當代的波格麥爾和華森等人。在這篇論文中,我將檢視有關此懷疑論的三個最重要論證。爲了辯護自由的意志弱性行爲之可能性,我將證明此三論證均爲無效。 There are free, weak-willed actions. It is an apparent fact that we sometimes act freely against our best judgments-we sometimes perform actions in our own free will, while judging that another possible action would have been, overall, a better one. However, a widely held skeptical view has it that one performs an action against one's own best judgment only if one does so unfreely; in other words, there can be no free weak-willed action. In this paper, three main arguments for this form of skepticism are examined. In order to defend the possibility of free weak-willed actions, I explain why all these arguments fail. |
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