1997 / September

台灣有偶婦女時間分配型態之實證研究
The Emprirical Study of Married Women's Time Allocation in Taiwan

研究論文 Research Article

劉錦添, 江錫九
Jin-tan Liu, Sea-jeou Jiang

1-29

時間與所得係人們從事經濟決策兩種最重要的限制條件，人們的時間運用型態將會受到勞動參與行爲的影響，尤其對有偶婦女更爲明顯。本文主要是以 Gronau (1977)，Khandker (1988) 的架構，利用內生轉換模型與近似毫無相關迴歸估計 (SURE) 估計有偶婦女的家務工時、休閒時間與市場工時三種時間型態之決定因素。文中的資料係來自作者們於 1993 年進行的「已婚婦女生活習性問卷調査｣，調査對象是台北縣市及高雄縣市地區的有偶婦女，調査內容包括有偶婦女之市場工時、各種家務工時及休閒時間的分配。研究結果發現：學齡前子女數的增加，將造成有工作與沒有工作婦女家務時間的延長；對無工作之婦女而言，居住都市地區者其家務工時較長。此外，工資提高，就業婦女愈想減少其休閒時間，增加市場工作時間；而敎育程度的提升與年齡的增長則對休閒具有促進作用。在市場工時方面則發現工資對工作時間呈現正向效果，而學齡前子女、居住在都市地區丶敎育提高與丈夫的所得皆將減少市場工作時間。

This paper investigates the determinants of married women's time allocation patterns in Taiwan. An economic model developed by Becker (1965) and Gronau (1977) is utilized to test alternative hypotheses. The data for this article are drawn from a sample of 352 households in two areas of Taiwan. The data focuses on married women between the ages of 20 and 60. Data on time allocation of women are classified under three categories-home production, leisure and market production. Sample selection bias due to endogeneity of female participation in the labor force is considered in the estimates of time allocation models. The empirical results suggest that a woman's time allocation is not fixed exclusively by society but is partially influenced by individual- and household-level economic constrains. An increase in women's market wages increases women's participation in labor market production, a finding consistent with expectations. In contrast, a husband's income can increase a woman's leisure and keep her away from market-oriented production.

時間分配, 內生轉換模型, 自我選擇
Time allocation, Sample selection bias,

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