2017年6月

恩賜還是詛咒？印尼石油資源的政治經濟
Blessing or Curse? A Political and Economic Study of Oil Resources in Indonesia

研究論文 Research Paper

戴萬平, 黃勇富
Wan-Ping Tai and Yung-Fu Huang, Yung-Fu Huang

93-122

印尼是世界上最早開始生產石油的國家，也是全球第14大石油生產國，理應建立先進的石油工業。討論國內油價與石油資源配置的問題檢討十分敏感，甚至「動搖國本」，幾次政治經濟危機都跟石油資源有關，是難以解決的政治經濟難題。資源豐富的印尼為何出現「發展矛盾」？石油資源對印尼究竟是「阿拉的恩賜」還是「魔鬼的詛咒」？
本文回顧印尼石油資源與政治經濟發展的關係。在經濟面，資源形塑印尼的社會經濟結構，仰賴資源為經濟帶來危機；在政治面，資源分配是非市場決定，無法得到資源的最佳配置。政治人物食髓知味享受資源帶來的權力，即使面對政經轉型的制度調整壓力，印尼個案說明: 「資源制度分配形塑社會經濟結構；制度易解、結構難撼」。

Indonesia was the first country in the world to produce oil, and is the 14th largest petroleum producer, so it should have an advanced petrochemical industry. But discussing oil prices and allocation of oil resources are very sensitive policy issue in Indonesia, because most of its historical political economy crises have been related to oil resources. In the resource-rich country of Indonesia, is oil God's blessing or the devil's curse?
This paper reviews the relationship between oil and Indonesian political economy development. Economically, resource shaped the social and economic structure, led to economic crises; Politically, resource allocation was irrational, benefiting vested interests . When faced with political and economic transformation, the Indonesia case shows us that the limited by social and economic factors; new institutions are easy to establish, but the recourse structure is difficult to shake.

石油, 印尼政治經濟, 印尼國營石油公司, 發展矛盾, 荷蘭病
Oil, Pertamina, Indonesia Political Economy, Development Paradox, Dutch Disease