發刊日期/Published Date |
2001年12月
|
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中英文篇名/Title | 貿易政策、工會談判力與進口穿透 Trade Policy, Union Bargaining Power and Import Penetration |
論文屬性/Type | 研究論文 Research Article |
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頁碼/Pagination | 417-438 |
摘要/Abstract | 本文假設 Nash 談判法 (Nash bargaining approach) ,透過工會與廠商間的工資談判過程來分析工會談判力 (bargaining power) 大小對進口穿透率 (import penetration ratio) 的影饗。同時,以美國在 1982 及 1987 年與世界其他國家之間製造業的貿易資料作實證分析。由實證結果得知,除了傳統文獻所認爲貿易障礙(包括關稅、非關稅與運輸成本等因素)可能影響美國產業之進口穿透率外,工會談判力也是顯著影響進口穿透率之主要因素。當工會力量愈大導致工資上漲愈高,使該產業之進口穿透力愈高;然而工會組織裡代表工資與就業導向之兩股勢力,則無顯著性之影響。又貿易障礙中之關稅、非關稅障礙與運輸成本對進口穿透率均有負面影響,其中非關稅障礙之影響無論在 1982 年或1987年,均具有統計上之顯著性,然而關稅之影響則逐年下降而運輸成本之影響卻逐年增加。再者,外國工資對進口穿透率之影響爲負且逐年增加,但市場結構則無顯著性之影響。其次,美國國內之市場規模與其他產業之平均工資水準對該產業之進口穿透率有正面之影響,但在統計上不顯著。最後,實證結果顯示,1982 年與 1987 年之間存在顯著之結構性差異。 This paper sets up a Nash bargaining model to examine how the bargaining power between a labor union and firms affects the extent of import penetration in the domestic market. We then use the US manufacturing industries in 1982 and 1987 as a case study to test the hypothesis derived from the theoretical model. We show that as trade barriers or the union power increases, the extent of import penetration will significantly decrease. However, whether the union is wage-oriented or employment-oriented is not significantly different. Moreover, the degree of market imperfection and the market size have no signigicant effects on the extent of import penetration. |
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