2000 / June

晚年生活壓力、社會支持與老人身心健康之變遷：長期資料分析
The Transformation of Stressors in Late Life, Social Supports, and the Mental and Physical Health of the Elderly: A Longitudinal Study

研究論文 Research Article

周玉慧, 莊義利
Yuh-huey Jou, Yi-Ii Chuang

281-317

本研究探討時間之變遷對台灣老人生活壓力、社會支持、身心健康，以及對此三者間之關係產生的影響。使用之資料爲台灣省家庭計畫研究所於1989年及1993年，在全台灣地區實施完成之「台灣地區老人保健與生活問題調査」及「台灣地區老人保健與生活問題長期研究第二次調査」資料，兩次均完訪的3,155份有效樣本。綜合本研究的分析結果，可得以下幾點結論。第一、持續性生活壓力對老人身心健康的不良影響相當強且穩定，不因時間而減弱；不過隨著年齡增加，生活壓力與社會支持的關係有增強的趨勢：生活壓力愈大，社會支持的接受度愈高，但提供度愈少。第二、比較1989年及1993年的資料發現：在 1993年，單身老人人數增加丶子女人數減少、收入減少，依賴度、憂鬱度、生活不滿度、自覺不健康情形增加，但罹病程度降低，提供給別人的工具支持及情感支持減少，而別人提供的工具支持及情感支持增加。第三、社會支持授受平衡度、過多利益、過少利益的變遷對老人身心健康的影響並不明顯。第四、工具支持的接受度或提供度變遷情形對老人身心健康並無影響，情感支持接受度或提供度減少的老人比增加的老人身心健康情形變得差。第五、因果模型顯示生活壓力與老人身心健康、工具支持授受平衡度與老人身心健康互有因果關係，意味「時間」確爲一重要不容忽視的因素。

This study examined the influences of time on stressors, social supports, and the mental and physical health of the elderly, and on the relationships among these variables. Data were collected from 3,155 elderly (60 years old or older) in Taiwan who responded to both the 1989 and 1993 surveys ofthe health and living status ofthe elderly in Taiwan conducted by the Taiwan Provincial Institute of Family Planning. The results of our study are as follows: 1. Life stressors had a strong,durable, stable, and negative influences on the mental and physical health of the elderly. The relationship between stressors and social support also became stronger as the elderly grew older; however, even though support received increased as the stressors became greater, the support provided nonetheless decreased. 2. The number of single elderly,the degree of 'Activities of Daily Living',depression, dissatisfaction and self-assumed poor health, as well as the instrumental and emotional support received all increased in 1993, while the number of children, income, the degree of disease, and the instrumental and emotional support provided decreased in the same year.3. The transformation of the balanced, over-benefited or under-benefited support had no obvious influence on the mental and physical health ofthe elderly.4. While the transformation ofinstrumen­ tal support received or provided had no impact on the health of the elderly,those elderly whose received or provided emotional support in-creased were healthier than those whose emotional supportdecreased. 5. The longitudinal causal model showed that the both stressors and the balance between received and provided instrumental support were causally related to health, a result which suggests that time is a significantfactor and must be considered.

社會支持, 生活壓力, 身心健康, 長期資料, 老人
social support, life stressor, mental and physical health, longitudinal data, elderly

社會學
Sociology

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