在「政治發展」與「建國」理論之研究中，新興國家假如想要成功的建立民主政體，他們勢必要經歷許多「國家整合」的「困境」。尤其是在任何一個過渡及異質性的社會，許多明顯的「政治衝突」，通常都是導源於種族的歧異丶語言的紛歧丶地方及派系的鬥爭。換而言之，第三世界這些發展的現象，事實上即可能就是「國家整合」的主要障礙。因此，爲了解決這些問題，政府不但須要給予嚴重的關切，同時也必須拿出強大的意志努力加以處理。不然，那些國家整合的困境，可能造成所謂的「毀國」而不是「建國」了。至於中國從一九一一年至一九二五「國家整合」的情形，孫中山先生雖然並未在其逝世前成功的完成「國家整合」的工作，但其所強調的一些重大的理念如民族同化、精英群衆之合作、意識型態之共識、平等導向之政策和國家認同感之建立等等，均是其國家整合的重要主張。因此，本論文的目的除在檢驗孫中山先生「國家整合」的理念外，亦在評估其對「第三世界」的「啓示」。

In the study of political development and nation-building, there are many ways in which emerging states will experience the dilemmas of national inte­gration if they are to succed as democratic states. Especially, in any transi­tional and heterogeneous society, a lot of marked political conflicts usually derive from ethnic diversity, linguistic cleavage, regional and factious strug­gles. In other words, these develop-mental phenomena in the third world may be the major barriers to national integration. To deal with them requires not only the government's sincere concern but also its strong will to make a great effort. Otherwise, instead of nation-building, these dilemmas may result in nation-destroying. As for national integration in China from 1911 to 1925, Dr. Sun-yet Sen emphasized some great ideas such as national assimilation, elite-mass coop­eration, ideological consensus equal-oriented policy and establishment of national identity to improve political integration, although he did not have much success in getting national integration until he died. Thus, the intent of this paper is to examine Dr. Sun's ideas of national integration and evaluate its implications to the third world.