1991年11月

從「善／對關係｣ 論聖多瑪斯倫理思想之特性
On the Characteristics of St. Thomas Aquinas's Ethical Thinking : With Reference to the Inter-relationships between the Good and the Right

研究論文 Research Article

林天河
Tien-ho Lin

427-445

本文之撰寫是以當代倫理學家對「善」丶「對」兩概念的探討爲架構，分析多瑪斯在神學大全中的相關論述。根據此一分析，可以發現若不把人侷限在塵世的有限生命上，而將人的最終目的置於彼岸享見神的本質，則我們可以遵循傳統研究多瑪斯思想之學者的觀點，視其爲一目的論的倫理思想，但於此必須注意到在上述的前提下，「善」、「對」道兩概念是一致的，不會有衝突丶矛盾的情況發生，由是而無所謂何者更具優先性的問題。相對於此，若單純的衡量道德行爲本身，我們知道多瑪斯近則以理性，遠則以永恆律爲判準，就此角度而言，他的倫理思想，無疑的具有濃厚的義務論色彩。

This study proposes, within the framework of contemporary ethical research on the concepts of the good and the right, to analyse the relevant treatises in St. Thomas Aquinas's Summa Theologica. From such an analysis it will be seen that if we raise man above the level of limited and finite existence, and instead uphold the Vision of God as man's final end, a consciously apprehended end towards which man moves, then we can accept the contentions and viewpoints of the traditional Thomists, which credit Aquinas's ethical theory as a Teleological one. However, such a premise presupposes that these two concepts, the good and the right, should be always concordant and compatible with each other; there should be no oppositions, no contradictions, and even no conflicts relating to the issue of priority between them. On the other hand, if we simply approach moral conduct itself, which in terms of Aquinas can be measured either from an immediate perspective by the human reason, or from an immanent perspective, by the eternal law of God, then we find that Aquinas's ethical thinking is undoubtedly heavily tainted with Deontology.

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