1992年11月

政體與軍隊：臺灣文武關係 (1950-1987) 的一個分析架構
The State and the Military: A Framework for Analyzing Civil-Military Relations in Taiwan (1950-1987)

研究論文 Research Article

鄭曉時
Hsiao-shih Cheng

129-172

第二次世界大戰之後，軍人干政在開發中國家蔚爲風潮，在臺灣的中華民國爲何能夠倖免呢？自1987年解除戒嚴之後，臺灣出現了許多引起爭議的文武關係問題，這些問題的性質是什麼呢？還有，當臺灣由一黨專政威權體制轉化到憲政民主體制時，其政、軍關係應當如何調整呢？有鑒於國丶內外政治、社會科學界對這些問題仍缺乏深入的探討，本文試圖爲解答這些問題提出了一個初步的分析架構。文章中指出1950年到1987年的臺灣政體，是一種「列寧式的黨國威權體制」：依據這種體制所建立的文武關係，是一種「文武合一」的模式，具有「黨中有軍」、「軍中有黨」丶和「以黨領軍」等特色。臺灣在建立憲政民主制時，必須揚棄「文武合一」的政、軍制度，建立起符合民主國家的「文武分立」政、軍制度。

Why has the Republic of China on Taiwan been free from coup d'etats, while most developing countries were suffering from this political disease during the same period of time? What is the nature of contro­versies concerning civil-military relations in Taiwan since the lifting of martial law in 1987? And, what will be changed in civil-military rela­tions, as Taiwan is moving from an authoritarian system to a democracy? Since the state of research on civil-military relations in Taiwan is still developing, this article suggests a preliminary conceptual framework for analyzing these questions. The author argues that Taiwan (1950-1987) was a "Leninist-styled party-state," and its civil-military institutions were organized on the basis of the "civil-military integration model," which is different from the "civil-military separation model" adopted by a democracy. Therefore, as Taiwan is moving from an authoritar­ian political system to a democracy, it has to establish a civil-military institution based on "the separation model."

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