1992 / November

貝氏報告和英國社會安全的發展
The Beveridge Report and the Development of British Social Security

研究論文 Research Article

覃怡輝
Tom Yee-Huei Chin

321-382

學者對社會安全的範圍，有著各種不同的看法和定義，而筆者認爲社會安全的基本類型只能區分爲三種，即社會救助丶社會保險和普遍津貼。這三種基本類型因爲各有其獨立的原則丶特徵丶財源基礎和給付條件，因此也就各有其功能和缺點。本文以社會安全的這個分類架構爲基礎，而去分析「貝氏報告」和英國戰後社會安全政策的沿革和發展，具有甚強的說明力，能具體說明在變革的過程中，所面臨到的各種瓶頸和問題。這些知識和經驗，在學理和應用上都具有甚大的參考價值。

The study of this paper is based on the three ideal types of social security provisions which are entitled as social assistance, social insurance and universal allowance. This new classication not only strongly clarifies the coverage of social security but is a useful instrument to analyze the contents of the Beveridge Report and the development of British provisions. Both in theory and in practice, each provision has its own financial methods and benefit qualifications, so each provision unavoidedly has its own function and limitation. The central issue of social security policy is to maximize the merits and to minimize their side effects. This study demonstrates that the case of Britain is not exceptional.

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