理論上，影響公民參與的因素相當多，就個人層面而言，除了性別、年 齡、教育程度等人口變數外，另一個重要因素即是公民意識。本研究運用 2018 「政治變遷與臺灣公民意識」全國民意電話調查資料，檢證臺灣民眾的公民意識是否為公民參與的重要解釋變數。不同於傳統的政治參與，本研究所定義的公民參與包含「政策參與」和「社會參與」在內，公民意識則定義為「反權威意識」。本研究發現，民眾的公民意識對個人的社團活動參與、慈善行為、政策參與，以及整體公民參與有正向的顯著影響；此外，人口變數對公民參與行為也有部分的解釋力。   

From a theoretical perspective, there are a number of factors that affect citizen participation. On an individual level, besides demographic variables such as gender, age, and education, one of the main factors is citizen consciousness. This paper looks into how the concept of citizen consciousness plays a role in citizen participation by examining a nationwide telephone interview survey. Different from traditional political participation, the concept of citizen participation includes policy participation and social participation in this study. Citizen consciousness is defined as anti-authoritarianism. The findings showed that citizen consciousness has positive impact on participation in civic associations, philanthropic behavior, policy participation, and overall citizen participation. In addition, demographic variables also have some impact on citizen participation.