1994 / June

地區家庭收入的決定因素：區域階層化的初步分析
Some Determinants of Household Income Differences across Regions: A Preliminary Study on Ecological Stratification

研究論文 Research Article

蔡明璋
Ming-chang Tsai

231-256

臺灣地區區域間的經濟差別構成的區域階層化現象相當明顯，以往的研究較少對這個結構性的不平等進行因果分析。這個研究是以縣 (市) 的平均家庭收入作爲區域階層化的指標，做爲初步探討的基礎。我們蒐集縣市的時間序列資料 (65至80年)，利用 pooled GLS 模型檢證兩個理論的假設。產業結構理論預測，製造業可以提高地區家庭收入水準，服務業的擴張則有不利的影響。地方政府理論則假設，政府支出與雇用規模應有正向的效應。產業與政府因素亦可能透過中產階級與就業率而造成區域家庭收入的差別。我們的研究發現，製造業在非都會地區有助於家庭收入水準的提升，但服務業擴張所產生的效果則因地區的都市化程度而定，在都會地區服務業的擴張，並不利整體家庭收入的提升。政府支出和公職人員比例兩個變項有較一致的作用。但這兩個變項的影響方向並不相同，大致上我們可以預測政府支出較高有助於家庭收入的增加，但公職人員比例則與平均家庭收入呈負向相關 (不論是都市或非都會地區) 。我們也討論了中產階級與就業率作爲中介變項的影響。比較上而言，地方政府變項對家庭收入水準產生較一致性的預測，而產業結構的影響在都會與非都會地區頗有差異。我們的結論是，區域差異的研究應進一步討論政治因素，同時更細緻地將地方政治加以概念化和測量。

Household income differences across regions (counties and cities) in Taiwan as a dimension of ecological stratification remain persistent even in recent decades. This paper aims to study such divergences, on the ba­sis of arguments from industry structure and local government theories. We use a panel data of twenty one counties and cities covering from 1976 to 1991. The study shows that the manufacturing sector tends to increase the household income in the non-metropolitan areas, while the service sector expansion does not affect household income in the metropolitan areas. Financial resources of local governments are conducive to house­hold income increases. However, the size of government employment is negatively correlated with household income, because the local govern­ment sectors tend to appear relatively large in less developed regions. We also assess the middle class and local employment rate as two in­tervening variables, which show favorable effects on household income. Our analysis indicates the significance of local government in predicting household income differences across regions in Taiwan.

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