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  • 《Journal of Social Sciences and Philosophy》 Volume 17, Number 02
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2005 / June Volume 17 No.2
Establishing of Nationality of Overseas Formosans and Their Problems, 1945-47

Number of Clicks:2796; Number of Abstract Downloads:0; Number of full PDF text Downloads:0;

發刊日期/Published Date
2005 / June
中英文篇名/Title
恢復國籍的爭議:戰後旅外臺灣人的復籍問題(1945-47)
Establishing of Nationality of Overseas Formosans and Their Problems, 1945-47
論文屬性/Type
研究論文 Research Article
作者/Author
湯熙勇
Shi-yeoung Tang
頁碼/Pagination
393-437
摘要/Abstract

1945年8月15日,日本天皇宣佈無條件投降後,結束了同盟國與日本之間的敵對關係,也改變了臺灣的主權從屬地位。在日本宣布投降之前,臺灣(含澎湖)原是日本的殖民地;日本投降之後,依據中丶美丶英三國於1943年11月在開羅(Cairo)所作之聲明,臺灣歸由中國政府管轄。戰爭的結束,雖然解決了一些問題,也是另一些問題的開始。對不居住在臺灣之臺灣人而言,在飽受戰爭的洗禮與壓力後,面對的不只是涉及其本身的生活內容轉變,同時也產生國籍的移轉問題等。國府行政院雖恢復臺灣人國籍爲中華民國籍,惟至1946年1月12日,始正式公佈此一恢復國籍的命令。同年1月30日,國府外交部方訓令駐外各使領館及駐日代表團等,正式通知各駐在國政府有關臺灣人國籍恢復爲中華民國籍。國府認定旅外臺灣人的國籍是中華民國籍,惟美國、英國和荷蘭等國對中華民國政府這種單方面的說詞,採取保留的態度。由於國府彼時仍未與日本政府簽訂和約,以至於臺灣主權尙未正式轉移,英、美政府遂不能同意臺灣人國籍恢復爲中華民國籍。此外,部分臺灣人在戰爭時期,對美、英、荷等軍人或人民有所謂的「不當行爲」,爲了使這些臺灣人接受法律的懲治亦無法同意。臺灣人恢復中華民國國籍,否則臺灣人可以享受與聯合國人民相同的待遇。例如旅日臺灣人,因未能恢復爲中華民國國籍,須受日本警察及刑事法庭之管轄。此外,臺灣人的財產歸屬,亦是影響的重要因素之一。在東南亞地區,臺灣人經商已久,已蓄積有一定的資產,如果臺灣人被視爲日本人,則這些財產即變成爲敵產,臺灣人所居住地之該國政府可予以沒入。國府爲與日本簽訂合約一事,非不為之,有其現實的困難存在。在同盟國與日本簽訂合約事宜上,美國一直扮演領導性的角色。美國希望同盟國集體參與對日合約,無法支持任何單一國家與日本簽訂合約,中華民國也不例外,其目的無非是防止蘇聯擴張其對日本的影響力,由美國獨攬其對日本的控制權。直到1947年2月25日,盟軍總部方通知日本政府,對於持有中華民國代表團所發的登記證件之臺灣人,在行使刑事管轄權時,應按中華民國(或聯合國)人民的待遇來處理,同意旅外臺灣人恢復國籍爲中華民國籍。

After the end of WW II, over 100,000 Formosans were living in Japan and Southeast Asia. The subject of Formosans' national status became an international issue during 1945-1947. On the one side, China's Execu­tive Yuan declared all Formosans living abroad to be Chinese in January 1946 (actually effective as of the 25th of October 1945). On the other side, unfortunately, the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP), and the British and Dutch Governments declared that they were unable to accept any unilateral act of the Chinese Govern­ment. In the view of the British Government, for example, the conferment of Chinese nationality on Formosans en bloc could be properly based and recognized only on the basis of a peace treaty with Chinese and Japan. However, the Formosans, such as those living in internment center or so-called 'war prison camps' located in Singapore, Thailand and else­where, were treated in general as friendly aliens by the British Govern­ment. The author explores, in this paper, how the overseas Formosans imparted new meanings to their sufferings in the process of establishing their new national status, as well as how they were treated as 'enemy subject' or friendly aliens by the Allied.

關鍵字/Keyword
臺灣人國籍復籍, 開羅會議, 中華民國駐日代表團, 盟軍總部
Chinese Mission in Japan, SCAP, the British Government, the Shibuya incident
學科分類/Subject
政治學, 歷史學
Political Science, History
主題分類/Theme

DOI
檔案下載/Download
Abstract full PDF text
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